Antipsychotics are a class of medications
primarily used to manage psychosis, including delusions, hallucinations, and
disorders like schizophrenia. They are also prescribed for bipolar disorder and
severe depression. Antipsychotics are divided into two main categories: typical
(first-generation) and atypical (second-generation). Typical antipsychotics,
developed in the 1950s, often cause side effects like tardive dyskinesia.
Atypical antipsychotics, introduced later, tend to have fewer motor side
effects but can cause weight gain, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. These
medications work by altering the effects of neurotransmitters in the brain,
particularly dopamine. While effective in reducing psychotic symptoms, they
require careful monitoring due to their side effects. Long-term use
necessitates regular assessment to balance therapeutic benefits against
potential adverse effects. In recent years, there has been a focus on
developing medications with fewer side effects and improving personalized
treatment plans to enhance patient outcomes.
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