Difficulty swallowing, known as dysphagia, is a
condition where individuals have trouble moving food or liquids from the mouth
to the stomach. This can be caused by various factors, including neurological
disorders (such as stroke or Parkinson’s disease), oesophageal conditions (like
acid reflux or strictures), muscular disorders, or obstructions in the throat
or oesophagus.
Symptoms of dysphagia include pain while
swallowing, sensation of food getting stuck, coughing or choking during meals,
and frequent aspiration (food or liquid entering the airway). Diagnosis
involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and tests like
swallowing studies, endoscopy, or imaging to identify the underlying cause.
Treatment depends on the cause. It may include
dietary modifications (such as pureed or soft foods), swallowing therapy with a
speech-language pathologist, and medications to address related conditions. In
some cases, surgical interventions or endoscopic procedures might be required.
Managing dysphagia effectively improves
nutrition, reduces risk of aspiration pneumonia, and enhances overall quality
of life.
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