Altruism refers to the selfless concern for the well-being of others,
often manifesting as acts of kindness and generosity without expectation of
personal gain. Rooted in the concept of moral and ethical behavior, altruism
can be observed in both human and animal behavior, where individuals prioritize
the needs and welfare of others, sometimes even at their own expense.
The concept has intrigued philosophers, psychologists, and scientists
for centuries. In philosophy, altruism is often discussed in the context of
moral duties and ethical theories, such as utilitarianism, which values actions
that maximize overall happiness. Psychologically, altruism is examined through
the lens of empathy, suggesting that individuals are motivated to help others
due to an emotional connection or understanding of their suffering.
Biologically, theories such as kin selection and reciprocal altruism
offer explanations for why altruistic behaviors might evolve. Kin selection
suggests that individuals are more likely to help relatives to ensure the
survival of shared genes. Reciprocal altruism posits that people may engage in
selfless acts with the expectation of future reciprocation.
Overall, altruism plays a crucial role in fostering social bonds,
community cohesion, and cooperative behavior, contributing to the well-being of
societies.
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