Attachment Theory, developed by John Bowl by and
further expanded by Mary Ainsworth, explores the dynamics of long-term
relationships between humans, particularly focusing on the bonds between
children and their primary caregivers. The theory posits that early
interactions with caregivers form the basis for future emotional and relational
patterns throughout life.
Bowl by proposed that children are born with an
innate ability to form attachments as a survival mechanism. These attachments
provide a secure base from which children explore the world and develop trust
and emotional security. According to the theory, the quality of these early
attachments influences an individual's ability to form healthy relationships in
adulthood.
Mary Ainsworth expanded on Bowl’s work with her
concept of "attachment styles" identified through observational
research. These include:
1. **Secure Attachment**: Characterized by
comfort with intimacy and reliance on others for support.
2. **Anxious-Ambivalent Attachment**: Marked by
high anxiety in relationships and a preoccupation with attachment figures.
3. **Avoidant Attachment**: Involves discomfort
with closeness and a tendency to maintain emotional distance.
4. **Disorganized Attachment**: Exhibits
inconsistent and confused behaviour due to traumatic experiences or
inconsistent caregiving.
Understanding attachment styles helps in
addressing relational issues and therapeutic interventions, as these patterns
often influence how individuals handle relationships, stress, and emotional
regulation.
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