Habituation is a psychological and physiological process where an
individual becomes less responsive to a repeated, neutral stimulus over time.
It is a form of learning in which an organism decreases its reaction to a
stimulus that is presented repeatedly and is deemed irrelevant or
non-threatening.
Key aspects of habituation include:
Decrease in Response: With repeated exposure to the same stimulus, the
intensity of the response gradually diminishes. For example, a person may
initially notice a clock ticking loudly, but over time, they become less aware
of the sound as their response decreases.
Non-Associative Learning: Habituation is a type of non-associative
learning, meaning it does not involve associating the stimulus with any reward
or punishment. Instead, it is simply a decrease in response due to familiarity
with the stimulus.
Adaptation: Habituation allows organisms to conserve energy and focus
attention on new or more significant stimuli, rather than reacting to every
repeated, non-threatening stimulus. This adaptation is crucial for efficient
functioning and survival.
Reversibility: If the stimulus is removed for a period and then
reintroduced, the response may temporarily return to its original intensity.
This phenomenon is known as spontaneous recovery.
Habituation is observed in various contexts, including sensory
perception, learning, and behavioral studies. It is fundamental in
understanding how organisms adapt to their environments and manage sensory
input.
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