Personality disorders encompass a spectrum of enduring patterns of behaviour,
cognition, and inner experience that deviate significantly from cultural
expectations. These disorders often manifest in early adulthood and persist
across various situations, causing distress and impairment in functioning.
Cluster A disorders, such as paranoid, schizoid, and
schizotypal personality disorders, involve odd or eccentric behaviours and
distorted thinking patterns. Cluster B disorders, including borderline,
narcissistic, histrionic, and antisocial personality disorders, display
dramatic, erratic, or overly emotional behaviours. Cluster C disorders, like
avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders, exhibit
anxious and fearful traits.
Diagnosis involves assessing long-term patterns of behaviour
and their impact on relationships and daily life. Treatment typically involves
psychotherapy, aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviours and improving coping
skills. While challenging due to the chronic nature of these disorders, therapy
can help manage symptoms and enhance quality of life for individuals with
personality disorders.
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