Parasomnias are a group of sleep disorders characterized by abnormal
behaviours, movements, emotions, perceptions, or dreams that occur during sleep
or during the transition between wakefulness and sleep. These episodes can
range from mild to severe and can disrupt sleep patterns and overall sleep
quality.
One common type of parasomnia is sleepwalking, also known as
somnambulism, which involves walking or performing other complex behaviours
while asleep. Sleepwalkers may have a blank expression and appear confused or
disoriented, and they may engage in activities such as wandering around the
house, rearranging objects, or even leaving the house.
Another parasomnia is night terrors, also known as sleep terrors, which are
episodes of intense fear or terror that occur during sleep. Night terrors
typically involve sudden arousal from deep sleep, accompanied by screaming,
thrashing, or other agitated behaviours. Unlike nightmares, which occur during
REM sleep and are often remembered upon waking, night terrors usually occur
during non-REM sleep and are not recalled afterward.
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